Chapter 1: Discovering New Immune Cells in the Lungs

Recent research has uncovered a previously unidentified group of immune cells located in the lungs that specifically target viral infections. The respiratory system is especially vulnerable to viral pathogens like influenza and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for COVID-19).

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) serve as the primary defense mechanism in the airways. These immune cells effectively combat incoming pathogens by ingesting them through a process known as phagocytosis. Additionally, they release a variety of inflammatory substances, referred to as cytokines, to attract other immune cells to areas at risk of infection.

"I find it particularly thrilling that we have pinpointed a distinctive subset of the macrophage population—an essential component of the innate immune system—about which we have limited knowledge."

Researchers from Columbia University Medical Center have identified a unique subset of AMs known as nerve and airway-associated macrophages (NAMs). Their studies conducted on mice indicated that this specific group of cells plays a key role in moderating inflammatory responses during viral infections to mitigate damage from chronic inflammation in the respiratory system.

In their research, the team subjected mice to the influenza virus to investigate the cellular and biochemical activities orchestrated by airway-hugging NAMs during an infection. This study revealed a remarkable interaction between AMs and NAMs—while AMs primarily eliminated the virus, NAMs were instrumental in controlling the inflammation triggered by the infection.

Mapping the intricate inflammatory pathways initiated by viral infections could yield important insights for developing treatments to manage respiratory illnesses, including COVID-19.

Professor Kamal M. Khanna, the study's corresponding author published in Science Immunology, commented: “What excites me most about our findings is the identification of a unique subset of the macrophage population (a vital cell type of the innate immune system) about which we have limited understanding. Our findings offer crucial insights into the development, maintenance, and functions of a lesser-known group of resident macrophages in the lung.”

The first video titled "Immuni Qi" Qigong Routine for Lungs and Immune System with Jeffrey Chand showcases a qigong routine aimed at enhancing lung function and supporting the immune system.

Chapter 2: The Role of NAMs in Viral Infections

Emerging research sheds light on the potential of targeting NAMs to bolster immunity against viral infections.

The second video titled "How targeting killer T cells in the lungs could lead to immunity against respiratory viruses" explores innovative strategies for enhancing immune responses in the lungs.

Sources: Technology Networks, Science Immunology.

Originally published in LabRoots on April 1, 2020.